Expressions

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Operator	Description
Conversion	Converts data into other formats, based on input value and returns the converted value
Date and Time	Performs an operation on a date and time input value and returns a string, numeric, or date and time value
List Aggregators	Perform calculations, usually based on input of a collection of values and returns a number. This operator only applies to List views.
Logical	Performs a logical operation or comparison on objects and expressions and returns a Boolean value
Mathematical	Perform calculations, usually based on input values and returns a number
Operators	Provide a set of arithmetic operators that you can use to perform mathematical calculations, usually based on input values, and returns a result
Regular Expression	A pattern that the regular expression engine attempts to match in input text
Text	Converting a value or field to a text string allows you to concatenate text strings or perform other text functions
Value Aggregators	Perform calculations, usually based on input values, and returns a number result

Use the conversion functions to convert a value to a data type such as decimal to Boolean, number to Boolean (where 1 equals True and 0 equals False), and more. Note that the success of a conversion depends on the input and output types. For example, if you convert a decimal to Boolean, it only works if the decimal number is 1.0 or 0.0.

Functions	Description	Accepted input types	Example
To Boolean	Converts a value to a Boolean data type.	Text, Number, Decimal, Boolean	Input Value: "True" Result: True
To Date	Converts a Date or DateTime value to a Date data type that does not have any time information.	Text, Date, DateTime	See a detailed explanation below
To Date and Time	Converts a value to a Date and Time data type.	Text, DateTime	Input Value: "2017/02/02 05:05:05 AM" Result: 2017/02/02 05:05:05 AM
To DateTime	Converts a Date or Time or DateTime value to DateTime data type.	1) Text,Date 2) Text,Time (2 parameters)	See a detailed explanation below
To Decimal	Converts a value to a Decimal data type.	Text, Number, Decimal, Boolean	Input Value: "1" Decimal Places: "1" Result: 1.0
To Number	Converts a value to an Number data type.	Text, Number, Decimal, Boolean	Input Value: "1.0" Result: 1
To Text	Converts a value to a Text data type.	Text, Number, Decimal, Boolean	Example: Input Value: "12345" Result: 12345
To Time	Converts a Time or DateTime value to a Time data type that has no day / month /year.	Text, DateTime, Time	See a detailed explanation below
To Time Duration from Milliseconds	Converts a Milliseconds value to a Duration dd:hh:mm:ss	Number	Example: Input Value: "123456789" Result: 1d 10h

About the To Date, To DateTime and To Time conversion functions

The To Date, To DateTime, and To Time conversion functions allow you to convert controls and text between standard date and time data types. For example, if you use the To DateTime function to convert an input control, which has a Date data type and format, the result is a DateTime data type in UTC. In other words, if you want to display a birthday (Date), but you are using a calendar (which is of type DateTime), you can drop the calendar control into a ToDate conversion. Then the birthday does not have a time of day associated with it.

You can use these functions for typed values as well as long as they are in the correct format as follows:

• To Date - yyyy-MM-dd (for example 2017-12-31)
• To DateTime - yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ (for example 2017-12-31T23:59:59Z)
• To Time - HH:mm:ss.fff (for example 23:59:59.99)

You can find more information about standard date and time format strings that you can use as input values here: Universal sortable date/time pattern.

Converting non-standard input formats

Values that are input (either by use of a control or manually typed) in non-standard formats are converted, depending on the function, using the browser's culture setting and time zone or the time zone set on the control.

To Date function

Using the To Date function, the time and time zone are ignored and do not display in the result.

• When, for example, you are using a browser with English US culture in the Pacific Standard Time (PST) time zone, and using an input value of 05/09/17 or 05/09/17 11:44:00 AM, the month is May and the day is the 9th.
  The result is 2017-05-09
• When you are using a browser with French FR culture in the Central European Time (CET) time zone, and using an input value of 05/09/17 or 05/09/17 11:44:00 AM, the month is September and the day is the 5th.
  The result is 2017-09-05

To DateTime function

• When you are using a browser with English US culture in the PST time zone, and using an input value of 05/09/17, the function converts the time value to midnight in the local time zone. The month is May and the day is the 9th.
  The UTC result is 2017-05-09T08:00:00Z
• When you are using a browser with French FR culture in the CET time zone, and using an input value of 05/09/17, the function converts the time value to midnight in the local time zone. The month is September and the day is the 5th.
  The UTC result is 2017-09-04T23:00:00Z

To Time function

Using the To Time function, the date and time zone are ignored and do not display in the result.

• If you use an input value of 23:59:59, the result is 23:59:59
• If you use an input value of 2017-09-05 23:59:59, the result is 23:59:59
• If you use an input value of 11:59:59 PM, the result is 23:59:59

Use date and time functions to perform operations on date and time input values and return a string, numeric, or date and time value. Values are converted to their native data types where possible.

Functions	Description	Example
Add Days	Adds a specified number of days to a date	Date and Time: 01/01/2017 00:00:00 AM Days: 1 Result: 01/02/2017 00:00:00 AM
Add Hours	Adds a specified number of hours to a date and time	Date and Time: 01/01/2017 00:00:00 AM Hours: 1 Result: 01/01/2017 01:00:00 AM
Add Minutes	Adds a specified number of minutes to a date and time	Date and Time: 01/01/2017 00:00:00 AM Minutes: 1 Result: 01/01/2017 00:01:00 AM
Add Seconds	Adds a specified number of seconds to a date and time	Date and Time: 01/01/2017 00:00:00 AM Seconds: 1 Result: 01/01/2017 00:00:01 AM
Date/Time Difference	Determines the difference between two dates, returning the difference in the specified interval with sub-intervals as decimal fractions. Intervals available are: year, month, day, hour, minute, second and millisecond	Interval: Day First Date: 01/01/2017 00:00:00 AM Second Date: 01/02/2018 00:00:00 AM Result: -366 (days)
Day	Gets the day of a given date	Date: 01/01/2017 00:00:00 AM Result: 1
Day Difference	Determines the number of days between two dates. Times are excluded from the calculation.	Example 1: First Date: 01/01/2017 00:00:00 AM Second Date: 01/02/2017 00:00:00 AM Result: 1 Example 2: First Date: 01/01/2017 00:00:00 AM Second Date: 01/02/2017 12:00:00 PM Result: 1
End of Month	Gets the last day of a month	Date and Time: 01/01/2017 00:00:00 AM Result: 01/31/2017 11:59:59 PM
End of Quarter	Gets the last day of a quarter	Date and Time: 01/01/2017 00:00:00 AM Result: 03/31/2017 11:59:59 PM
End of Week	Gets the last day of a week	Date and Time: 01/01/2017 00:00:00 AM Result: 01/08/2017 11:59:59 PM
End of Year	Gets the last day of a year	Date and Time: 01/01/2017 00:00:00 AM Result: 12/31/2017 11:59:59 PM
Format Date and Time	Formats a date and time to a text representation using a specified date and time format. See a list of date and time abbreviations and specifiers below	DateTime: 01/01/2017 00:00:00 AM Format: "dddd, dd MMMM yyyy" Result: "Thursday, 1 January 2017"
Month	Gets the month of a given date as a number	Date: 01/01/2017 00:00:00 AM Result: 1
Now	Gets the current date and time	Result: 05/20/2017 03:34:27 PM
Start of Month	Gets the first day of a month	Date and Time: 01/01/2017 00:00:00 AM Result: 01/01/2017 00:00:00 AM
Start of Quarter	Gets the first day of a quarter	Date and Time: 01/01/2017 00:00:00 AM Result: 01/01/2017 00:00:00 AM
Start of Week	Gets the first day of a week	Date and Time: 01/01/2009 00:00:00 AM Result: 12/26/2016 00:00:00 AM
Start of Year	Gets the first day of a year	Year: 2017 Result: 01/01/2017 00:00:00 AM
Subtract Days	Subtracts a specified amount of days from a date	Date and Time: 01/01/2017 00:00:00 AM Days: 1 Result: 12/31/2016 00:00:00 AM
Subtract Hours	Subtracts a specified amount of hours from a date and time	Date and Time: 01/01/2017 00:00:00 AM Hours: 1 Result: 12/31/2016 00:23:00 AM
Subtract Minutes	Subtracts a specified amount of minutes from a date and time	Date and Time: 01/01/2017 00:00:00 AM Minutes: 1 Result: 12/31/2016 00:59:00 AM
Subtract Seconds	Subtracts a specified number of seconds from a date and time	Date and Time: 01/01/2017 00:00:00 AM Seconds: 1 Result: 12/31/2016 00:00:59 AM
Today	Gets the current day	Result: 05/20/2017 00:00:00 AM
Tomorrow	Return tomorrow's date	Result: 05/21/2017 00:00:00 AM
Week Number	Gets the week number of the year of a specified date	Date: 03/01/2017 00:00:00 AM Result: 9
Weekday	Gets the name of the day of the week from a specified date	Date: 03/02/2017 00:00:00 AM Result: "Thursday"
Year	Gets the year of a date	Date: 01/01/2017 00:00:00 AM Result: 2017
Yesterday	Returns yesterday's date	Result: 05/19/2017 00:00:00 AM

The following table lists the date and time abbreviations recognized by the Format Date and Time function.

Date and Time	Abbreviations	Example
Year	y, yy, yyyy	9, 09, 2017
Month	M, MM, MMM, MMMM	2, 02, Feb, February
Day	d, ddd, dddd	21, Sat, Saturday
Hour	h, hh, H, HH	4, 04, 16, 16
Minute	m, mm	1, 01
Second	s, ss	1, 01
Millisecond	ffff	9999
A.M. or P.M.	t, tt	P, PM

The following table lists the standard date and time specifiers recognized by the Format Date and Time function.

Specifier	Pattern value (for en-US culture)
t	h:mm tt
d	M/d/yyyy
T	h:mm:ss tt
D	dddd, MMMM dd, yyyy
F	dddd, MMMM dd, yyyy h:mm:ss tt

Constructing a Dynamic String

If you want to use parts of a date to construct a dynamic string, you may consider the following options:

• Use the separate expression values such as Day, Month, Year, and combine them as necessary
• Use a formatted date to construct a string closer to the outcome

  Examples:

  • d Short date pattern (e.g.: 02/17/2017)
  • D Long date pattern (e.g: Saturday, 17 February 2017)
  • t Short time pattern (e.g.: 22:10)
  • T Long time pattern (e.g.: 22:10:30)
  • F Full date pattern (e.g.: Saturday, 17 February 2017 22:10:30)
  • m (or M) Month and day pattern (e.g.: February 17)
  • s Sortable date and time pattern (e.g.: 2017-02-17T22:10:30)
  • y (or Y) Year and month pattern (e.g.: 2017 February)
• You can customize this even further with extra expressions

Use list aggregators to perform calculations, usually based on input from a collection of values, and return a result.

Functions	Description	Example
List Average	Calculates the average of a collection of values	Input Values: { 1, 2, 3 } Result: 2
List Count	Calculates the total count of a collection of values	Input Values:{ 1, 2, 3 } Result: 3
List Maximum	Gets the maximum value of a list of values	Values: { 1, 2, 3 } Expected When Empty: 0 Result: 3
List Minimum	Gets the minimum value of a set of values	Values: { 1, 2, 3 } Expected When Empty: 0 Result: 1
List Sum	Gets the sum of a set of values	Values: { 1, 2, 3 } Result: 6

Use logical functions to perform a logical operation or comparison on objects and expressions and return a Boolean value.

Functions	Description	Example
And	Perform an And operation on two Boolean values, returning True if both values are True, False if any value is False	Input Value: True Input Value: False Result: False
Equals	Determines if two values or fields are equal	Result: True
Greater Than	Determines if the value on the left is greater than the value on the right	Result: True
Greater Than Equals	Determines if the value on the left is greater than or equal to the value on the right	Result: True
If	Returns one of two values (Boolean condition, true, false) based on a Boolean condition. You can use up to seven nested expressions	Condition: True True Value: "Test string 1" False Value: "Test string 2" Result: "Test string 1"
Less Than	Determines if the value on the left is less than the value on the right	Result: True
Less Than Equals	Determines if the value on the left is less or equal to the value on the right	Result: True
Not	The Not function changes False to True and True to False. Returns a True value if the condition evaluates to False and a False value if the condition evaluates to True	Condition: True Result: False
Not Equals	Determines if two values or fields are not equal	Condition: True Result: False
Or	Perform an Or operation on two Boolean values, returning True if one of the values is True, False if both values are False	Value: True Value: False Result: True
Xor	Perform an exclusive Or operation on two Boolean values, returning True if one and only one of the values is True	Value: True Value: True Result: False
False	Gets the Boolean value of False	Result: False
True	Gets the Boolean value of True	Result: True

Use mathematical functions to perform calculations, usually based on input values, and return a result.

Functions	Description	Example
Absolute	Gets the absolute value of a number	Input Value: -2 Result: 2
Format Number	Formats a number to a text representation using a specified numeric format specifier	Number: 0.111 Format: "C" Result: "$ 0.11"
Power	Gets one value raised to the power of another	Base: 2 Power: 4 Result: 16
Random	Gets a random number less than or equal to a specified maximum value	Maximum: 2 Result: 1
Root	Gets the positive nth root of a positive number	Number: 100 Nth Root: 2 Result: 10
Round	Rounds a number up or down to a value with a specified precision	Value: 1.111 Digits: 1 Result: 1.1
Round Down	Rounds a value down	Value: 1.15 Digits: 1 Result: 1.1
Round Up	Rounds a value up	Value: 1.15 Digits: 1 Result: 1.2
Square	Gets the square of a number	Number: 2 Result: 4
Square Root	Gets the square root of a number	Number: 100 Result: 10

Format Number Function

When you use the Format Number function, it is important to remember that the formatting of number strings/text is bound to the culture of the client machine for default precision specifiers and delimiters. See Standard Numeric Format Strings for more information about formatting of numbers. Support includes but is not limited to the following:

Format Specifier	Name	Description	Examples
"C" or "c"	Currency	Result: A currency value. Supported by: All numeric types. Precision specifier: Number of decimal digits. Default precision specifier: Culture specific	Format Number( 123.456, C) -> $123.46 [en-US] Format Number( 123.456, C) -> 123,46 € [fr-FR] Format Number( 123.456, C) -> ¥123 [ja-JP] Format Number( -123.456, C3) -> ($123.456) [en-US] Format Number( -123.456, C3) -> -123,456 € [fr-FR] Format Number( -123.456, C3) -> -¥123.456 [ja-JP]
"E" or "e"	Exponential (scientific)	Result: Exponential notation. Supported by: All numeric types. Precision specifier: Number of decimal digits. Default precision specifier: 6.	Format Number( 1052.0329112756 , E) -> 1.052033E+003 [en-US] Format Number( 1052.0329112756 , e) -> 1,052033e+003 [fr-FR] Format Number( -1052.0329112756 , e2) -> -1.05e+003 [en-US] Format Number( -1052.0329112756 , E2) -> -1,05E+003 [fr_FR]
"F" or "f"	Fixed-point	Result: Integral and decimal digits with optional negative sign. Supported by: All numeric types. Precision specifier: Number of decimal digits. Default precision specifier: Culture specific	Format Number ( 1234.567, F) -> 1234.57 [en-US] Format Number ( 1234.567, F) -> 1234,57 [de-DE] Format Number ( 1234, F1) -> 1234.0 [en-US] Format Number ( 1234, F1) -> 1234,0 [de-DE] Format Number ( -1234.56, F4) -> -1234.5600 [en-US] Format Number ( -1234.56, F4) -> -1234,5600 [de-DE]
"N" or "n"	Number	Result: Integral and decimal digits, group separators, and a decimal separator with optional negative sign. Supported by: All numeric types. Precision specifier: Desired number of decimal places. Default precision specifier: Culture specific	Format Number ( 1234.567, N) -> 1,234.57 [en-US] Format Number ( 1234.567, N) -> 1 234,57 [ru-RU] Format Number ( 1234, N1) -> 1,234.0 [en-US] Format Number ( 1234, N1) -> 1 234,0 [ru-RU] Format Number ( -1234.56, N3) -> -1,234.560 [en-US] Format Number ( -1234.56, N3) -> -1 234,560 [ru-RU]
"P" or "p"	Percent	Result: Number multiplied by 100 and displayed with a percent symbol. Supported by: All numeric types. Precision specifier: Desired number of decimal places. Default precision specifier: Culture specific	Format Number ( 1, P) -> 100.00 % [en-US] Format Number ( 1, P) -> 100,00 % [fr-FR] Format Number ( -0.39678, P1) -> -39.7 % [en-US] Format Number ( -0.39678, P1) -> -39,7 % [fr-FR]

Use operators to perform calculations, usually based on input values, and return a result.

Functions	Description	Example
Divide	Divides two or more numbers or decimals	Input Value: 1.1 Result: 1
Minus	Subtracts two or more numbers or decimals	Input Value: 3.2 Result: 1
Modulus	Returns the integer remainder of a division	Input Values: 9. 3 Result: 0
Multiply	Multiplies two expressions of numbers or decimals	Input Values: 2. 5 Result: 10
Plus	Adds two or more numbers or decimals	Number: 1.1. Result: 2
Opening Parenthesis	In a group expression, this marks the beginning of a sub expression	Example: (
Closing Parenthesis	In a group expression, this marks the end of a sub expression	Example: )

Regular expressions helps you to process text. A regular expression is a pattern that the regular expression engine attempts to match to input text. See JavaScript RegExp Reference for more information on regular expressions.

Functions	Description	Example
Matches	Doing a regular expression pattern match of a value, for example to check if the input value is a valid email address. Parameters: Pattern(Text) Text Value(Text)	Example 1: Input: "Examples" Pattern: "\w+es" Result: true Matches words ending in 'es' Example 2: Input: "Example" Pattern: "\w+es" Result: false Matches words ending in 'es' Example 3: Input: "a" Pattern: "[a-z]+" Result: true Example 4: Input: "" Pattern: "[a-z]" Result: false
Not Matches	Doing a regular expression pattern match of a value to exclude for example to exclude all members whose names begin with 'A'. Parameters: Text Value(Text) Pattern(Text)	Example 1: Input: "Examples" Pattern: "\w+es" Result: false Matches words ending in 'es' Example 2: Input: "Example" Pattern: "\w+es" Result: true Matches words ending in 'es' Example 3: Input: "a" Pattern: "[a-z]+" Result: false Example 4: Input: "" Pattern: "[a-z]" Result: true

Use Text functions to perform operations such as concatenations or insertions on text. Text-based operations are 1-based, meaning that the index of the first character in a string is 1.

Functions	Description	Example
Concatenate	Joins two text strings into one text string	Values: { "Street", "Region", "State" } Separator: ";" Result: "Street;Region;State"
Contains	Returns a True value if a substring is found within another string	Sequence: "12345" Text: "234" Result: True
Ends with	Returns True if a given string ends with the specified substring	Text Value: "ple" Search Value: "Example" Result: "True"
Find	Returns the index if the specified string is found within another string. Returns 0 if no match is found	Substring: "12345" Text: "234" Result: 2
HTML Encode	Encodes an HTML string	HTML: "<HTML><HEAD></HEAD><BODY><DIV CLASS="main">Hello World</DIV></BODY></HTML>" Result: "&lt;HTML&gt;&lt;HEAD&gt;&lt;/HEAD&gt;&lt;BODY&gt;&lt;DIV CLASS="main"&gt;Hello World&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/BODY&gt;&lt;/HTML&gt;"
HTML Decode	Decodes an HTML string	HTML: "&lt;HTML&gt;&lt;HEAD&gt;&lt;/HEAD&gt;&lt;BODY&gt;&lt;DIV CLASS="main"&gt;Hello World&lt;/DIV&gt;&lt;/BODY&gt;&lt;/HTML&gt;" Result: "<HTML><HEAD></HEAD><BODY><DIV CLASS="main">Hello World</DIV></BODY></HTML>"
Hyperlink	Creates a hyperlink with a display name and URL	Display Name: "K2" URL: "http://www.k2.com" Result: "<a href=http://www.k2.com> K2</a>"
Insert	Inserts a substring into a string at a specified position	Text: "Example" Substring: "00000" Position: 2 Result: "E00000xample"
Is blank	Returns True if a string is empty
Is not blank	Returns True if a string is not empty
Join	Concatenates a list of text values or fields, delimiting each with a separator	Values: { "1", "2", "3" } Separator: ";" Result: "1;2;3"
Left	Returns a subset of characters from the left side of a string	Text: "Test" Length: 1 Result: "T"
Length	Returns the length of a string	Text: "Test" Result: 4
Mid	Returns a subset of characters from a string, starting at a specified index and continuing to the end of the string	Text: "Example" Start: 3 Result: "mple"
Pad Left	Pads a string with a padding character on the left side up to a specified length	Source String: "Example" Pad Character: "#" Overall Length: 9 Result: "##Example "
Pad Right	Pads a string with a padding character on the right side up to a specified length	Source String: "Example" Pad Character: "#" Overall Length: 9 Result: "Example##"
Proper	Converts a string to proper case	Text: "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog" Result: "The Quick Brown Fox Jumps Over The Lazy Dog"
Replace	Replaces a substring within a string with a new substring	Text: "Ex000le" Find: "000" Replace: " amp " Result: "Example"
Right	Returns characters from the right side of a string	Text: "Example" Length: 3 Result: "ple"
Starts With	Returns True if a given string starts with the specified substring	Text Value: "Ex" Search Value: "Example" Result: "True"
To Lower	Converts a string to lower case	Text: "Example" Result: " example "
To Upper	Converts a string to upper case	Text: "Example" Result: " EXAMPLE "
Trim	Removes leading and trailing spaces and line breaks from a string	Text: " Example " Result: "Example"
URL Encode	Encodes a URL string	URL: "http://local.com/test url.asmx" Result: "http%3a%2f%2flocal.com%2ftest+url.asmx"
URL Decode	Decodes a URL string	URL: "http%3a%2f%2flocal.com%2ftest+url.asmx" Result: "http://local.com/test url.asmx"
XML Encode	Encodes a XML string	XML: "<note><to>Tove</to><from>Jani</from><heading>Reminder</heading><body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body></note>" Result: "&lt;note&gt;&lt;to&gt;Tove&lt;/to&gt;&lt;from&gt;Jani&lt;/from&gt;&lt;heading&gt;Reminder&lt;/heading&gt;&lt;body&gt;Don&#39;t forget me this weekend!&lt;/body&gt;&lt;/note&gt"
XML Decode	Decodes a XML string	XML: "&lt;note&gt;&lt;to&gt;Tove&lt;/to&gt;&lt;from&gt;Jani&lt;/from&gt;&lt;heading&gt;Reminder&lt;/heading&gt;&lt;body&gt;Don&#39;t forget me this weekend!&lt;/body&gt;&lt;/note&gt" Result: "<note><to>Tove</to><from>Jani</from><heading>Reminder</heading><body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body></note>"
Empty String	Returns an empty string	Result: "Blank"

Use Value aggregators to perform calculations, usually based on input values, and return a number result.

Functions	Description	Example
Average	Calculates the average of a collection of values	Input Values: { 1, 2, 3 } Result: 2
Maximum	Gets the maximum value of a list of values	Values: { 1, 2, 3 } Expected When Empty: 0 Result: 3
Minimum	Gets the minimum value of a set of values	Values: { 1, 2, 3 } Expected When Empty: 0 Result: 1
Sum	Gets the sum of a set of values	Values: { 1, 2, 3 } Result: 6